Don't ask me why, but 3.2.2.3 does say integral constant *expression*. That permits 1 - 1 to be a null pointer constant. And (char *)(1 - 1) to be a null pointer. Wierd. Also, I imagine, it won't help dispel the confusion that seems to surround null pointers. --- Bill { uunet | novavax | ankh } !twwells!bill bill at twwells.com