Why isn't dump maximally efficient with TK70 tapes?
Ian! D. Allen [CGL]
idallen at watcgl.waterloo.edu
Fri Jun 8 11:42:52 AEST 1990
DECsystem 5400, Ultrix 3.1C, RA90 disk, one user (me).
Watch the elapsed real times here.
Here's a plain root dump to tape (TK70):
# time dump 0 /
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Thu Jun 7 21:17:43 1990
DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
DUMP: Dumping /dev/rra0a (/) to /dev/rmt0h
DUMP: Mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: Mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: Estimates based on 1200 feet of tape at a density of 10240 BPI...
DUMP: This dump will occupy 1103 (10240 byte) blocks on 0.13 tape(s).
DUMP: Dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: Dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: 57.43% done, finished in 0:03
DUMP: 1103 tape blocks were dumped on 1 tape(s)
DUMP: Tape rewinding
DUMP: Dump is done
0% real=9:29 usr=0.3 sys=1.9 rd=0 wr=4 mem=56 pg=3 rec=17 sw=0 sig=0 cs=2776
Here's the identical root dump piped to dd to tape:
recorder# mt rew
recorder# time sh -c "dump 0f - / | dd bs=32k rbuf=2 wbuf=2 of=/dev/rmt0h"
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Thu Jun 7 21:28:18 1990
DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
DUMP: Dumping /dev/rra0a (/) to standard output
DUMP: Mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: Mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: Estimated 11295744 bytes output to Standard Output
DUMP: Dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: Dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: 11295744 bytes were dumped to Standard Output
DUMP: Dump is done
0+2780 records in
0+2780 records out
4% real=3:34 usr=0.7 sys=8.7 rd=1 wr=8 mem=37 pg=2 rec=17 sw=0 sig=0 cs=10111
That's almost three times faster! Why can't dump be as good as dd?
Dumps are of major importance; I would have thought that dump would be
the most clever user of the tape drive. I can't believe this. Am I
missing something? I must be missing something.
--
-IAN! (Ian! D. Allen) idallen at watcgl.uwaterloo.ca idallen at watcgl.waterloo.edu
[129.97.128.64] Computer Graphics Lab/University of Waterloo/Ontario/Canada
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